A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a bony lump that forms at the side of the big toe, where it meets
the foot. It occurs when the big toe curls inwards over time towards the second toe, forcing the joint to protrude outwards.
Eventually, bunions on the feet can become red, swollen, and extremely painful, especially when squeezed into narrow or poorly-fitting shoes.
What Causes Bunions?
- Genetics: Inherited foot structure issues like flat feet can increase bunion risk.
- Foot Shape: Fallen arches and uneven weight distribution make things worse.
- Medical Conditions: Arthritis can greatly increase the onset of bunions.
- Injury or Stress: Repetitive stress or trauma may also speed up the progression.
- Poor Footwear: Tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes apply pressure to the toes.
Common Symptoms of Bunions
- A visible lump at the base of the big toe, usually on the side.
- Redness, swelling, and joint pain
- Restricted toe movement
- Calluses or corns
- Difficulty finding comfortable footwear
Why Wider-Fitting Shoes Matter for Bunions
Wide-fitting shoes reduce pressure on the bunion, relieving the pain, and slowing progression.
Ideally, you should be looking for:
- Extra wide toe box
- Soft, stretchable materials
- Cushioned soles
- Low or no heels
- Adjustable fastenings
How to Treat and Manage Bunions Without Surgery
- Wear wider-fitting, supportive shoes
- Use bunion pads or gel shields
- Try orthotic shoe inserts
- Use toe spacers or splints
- Apply an ice pack and anti-inflammatory cream
- Perform foot exercises and stretches
When to Consider Bunion Surgery
If all the usual treatments fail and bunion pain affects daily life, surgery may be necessary to realign the
bones and correct any deformities. Bare in mind that recovery from surgery can take several weeks to months.
Key Points
- Bunions are painful bony deformities that worsen with tight shoes.
- Causes include genetics, foot structure, and poor footwear.
- Symptoms can include joint misalignment, swelling and severe pain.
- Wide-fitting shoes with a roomy toe box are essential.
- Supportive footwear, orthotics, and exercises can all reduce pain and prevent progression.